{"id":2178,"date":"2019-12-13T14:25:02","date_gmt":"2019-12-13T19:25:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/live-lajr.pantheonsite.io\/articles\/nicaragua-esta-entre-los-paises-con-mayor-deterioro-de-la-libertad-de-expresion-en-los-ultimos-anos-en-el-mundo-articulo-19\/"},"modified":"2020-06-10T08:34:27","modified_gmt":"2020-06-10T13:34:27","slug":"nicaragua-esta-entre-los-paises-con-mayor-deterioro-de-la-libertad-de-expresion-en-los-ultimos-anos-en-el-mundo-articulo-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/latamjournalismreview.org\/pt-br\/articles\/nicaragua-esta-entre-los-paises-con-mayor-deterioro-de-la-libertad-de-expresion-en-los-ultimos-anos-en-el-mundo-articulo-19\/","title":{"rendered":"Nicaragua est\u00e1 entre los pa\u00edses con mayor deterioro de la libertad de expresi\u00f3n en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os en el mundo: Art\u00edculo 19"},"content":{"rendered":"

Em meio ao decl\u00ednio global da liberdade de express\u00e3o, a Nicar\u00e1gua \u00e9 um dos pa\u00edses que mais perdeu em liberdade de express\u00e3o, enquanto Cuba \u201clidera corrida regional para o abismo\u201d nas Am\u00e9ricas.<\/p>\n

Estas s\u00e3o algumas das conclus\u00f5es da organiza\u00e7\u00e3o Artigo 19 em seu Global Expression Report 2018\/19<\/a> (Relat\u00f3rio de Express\u00e3o Global 2018\/19, em tradu\u00e7\u00e3o livre).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

O relat\u00f3rio lan\u00e7ado no dia 2 de dezembro<\/a> analisa a situa\u00e7\u00e3o da liberdade de express\u00e3o em 161 pa\u00edses em 2018 e 2019 e compara com os indicadores aferidos pelo estudo a cada ano desde 2008. Globalmente, a liberdade de express\u00e3o est\u00e1 em seu ponto mais baixo na \u00faltima d\u00e9cada<\/a>, diz o informe.<\/p>\n

Quatro dos cinco pa\u00edses onde mais houve decl\u00ednio da liberdade de express\u00e3o entre 2017 e 2018 est\u00e3o na Am\u00e9rica Latina e Caribe<\/a>: Nicar\u00e1gua (1o<\/sup>), Col\u00f4mbia (2o<\/sup>), Haiti (3o<\/sup>) e El Salvador (5o<\/sup>) \u2013 em 4o<\/sup> lugar est\u00e1 a Indon\u00e9sia.<\/p>\n

Entre 2015 e 2018, os latino-americanos que mais perderam em liberdade de express\u00e3o foram Nicar\u00e1gua (2<\/a>o<\/sup><\/a>) e Brasil (3<\/a>o<\/sup><\/a>)<\/a>. A Nicar\u00e1gua aparece novamente no 1o<\/sup> lugar entre os pa\u00edses com maior decl\u00ednio no comparativo entre 2013 e 2018 e em 5o<\/sup> entre 2008 e 2018.<\/p>\n

O relat\u00f3rio avalia que a Nicar\u00e1gua \u201c<\/a>viu uma crise devastadora em 2018, quando o ambiente para o dissenso de qualquer tipo entrou em colapso<\/a>\u201d<\/a> com a repress\u00e3o das for\u00e7as de seguran\u00e7a do governo de Daniel Ortega, assim como de paramilitares e grupos pr\u00f3-governo, dos protestos opositores que come\u00e7aram em abril daquele ano.<\/p>\n

O informe menciona o inc\u00eandio de uma r\u00e1dio na cidade de Leon e o assassinato de Angel Gahona, jornalista morto com um tiro enquanto fazia uma transmiss\u00e3o ao vivo<\/a> de um protesto na cidade de Bluefields. Tamb\u00e9m fala que deten\u00e7\u00f5es arbitr\u00e1rias \u201cforam uma estrat\u00e9gia chave para aniquilar os protestos\u201d \u2013 duas pessoas que foram presas neste contexto foram os jornalistas Miguel Mora e Luc\u00eda Pineda<\/a>, que passaram quase seis meses detidos at\u00e9 serem liberados em junho deste ano<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Segundo a Artigo 19, al\u00e9m de o governo fazer uso de viol\u00eancia contra a popula\u00e7\u00e3o de modo que \u201cfoi muito al\u00e9m de manter a ordem p\u00fablica\u201d, o \u00f3rg\u00e3o regulador TELCOR \u201c<\/a>particularmente se voltou contra e pressionou meios independentes<\/a>\u201d<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u201cHouve tamb\u00e9m ataques digitais a meios<\/a>; o seman\u00e1rio Confidencial sofreu per\u00edodos de bloqueio e recusa de servi\u00e7o durante distintos per\u00edodos do protesto, como quando publicaram uma lista dos mortos, e o site La Prensa tamb\u00e9m passou por ciberataques\u201d, diz o informe.<\/p>\n

N\u00e3o h\u00e1 mais viol\u00eancia nas ruas neste momento, diz o relat\u00f3rio, mas \u201cjornalistas e meios que foram cr\u00edticos ao governo durante a viol\u00eancia agora vivem e trabalham sob constante estigma, amea\u00e7as, persegui\u00e7\u00e3o e obstru\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>\u201d. Muitos sa\u00edram do pa\u00eds e, em junho de 2019, pelo menos 50 jornalistas da Nicar\u00e1gua estavam vivendo no ex\u00edlio, observa a Artigo 19.<\/p>\n

Cuba entre pa\u00edses com menor liberdade de express\u00e3o<\/strong><\/h4>\n

No ranking global geral apresentado pelo relat\u00f3rio, Cuba se encontra a apenas 10 posi\u00e7\u00f5es de dist\u00e2ncia do \u00faltimo colocado<\/a>, a Coreia do Norte. J\u00e1 no ranking que considera apenas indicadores sobre a m\u00eddia, ou seja, \u201co ambiente para ve\u00edculos e publica\u00e7\u00f5es<\/a>\u201d, Cuba se encontra mais perto do fim do ranking, no 158<\/a>o<\/sup><\/a> lugar, superado apenas por Eritreia, Turcomenist\u00e3o e Coreia do Norte<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Segundo o relat\u00f3rio, em Cuba, \u201ca atmosfera repressiva piorou durante 2018<\/a>, impulsionada pela elei\u00e7\u00e3o geral. For\u00e7as de seguran\u00e7a continuaram a perseguir organiza\u00e7\u00f5es sociais e civis, jornalistas e defensores de direitos humanos\u201d.<\/p>\n

O informe afirma que \u201cuma enorme gama de medidas repressoras<\/a> \u2013 de invas\u00f5es de resid\u00eancias e intimida\u00e7\u00e3o de familiares a deten\u00e7\u00f5es arbitr\u00e1rias e preventivas\u201d foram usadas para sufocar a liberdade de express\u00e3o na ilha. Tamb\u00e9m avalia que a \u201ccensura digital em Cuba continuou constante<\/a>\u201d, por meio da limita\u00e7\u00e3o da conex\u00e3o \u00e0 internet e de bloqueios a sites considerados \u201cimpr\u00f3prios\u201d pelas autoridades.\"\"<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m de Cuba e Nicar\u00e1gua, M\u00e9xico e Col\u00f4mbia tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o pontos de especial aten\u00e7\u00e3o do relat\u00f3rio na Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/p>\n

Sobre o M\u00e9xico, a Artigo 19 observa que o jornalismo no pa\u00eds se encontra \u201c<\/a>preso entre a viol\u00eancia do crime organizado e a viol\u00eancia do governo<\/a>\u201d.<\/p>\n

\u201cHouve 544 agress\u00f5es contra jornalistas relacionadas ao trabalho deles em 2018, incluindo 9 assassinatos<\/a>\u201d, afirma o relat\u00f3rio, acrescentando que funcion\u00e1rios do governo cometeram 230 dessas agress\u00f5es, ou 42% do total.<\/p>\n

Embora chocantes, as estat\u00edsticas \u201cn\u00e3o conseguem nem come\u00e7ar a expressar o terror que a imprensa enfrenta no M\u00e9xico<\/a>\u201d, diz a Artigo 19. A elas deve-se acrescentar \u201ca total impunidade em que esses crimes s\u00e3o cometidos \u2013 mais de 99% dos casos nunca veem a justi\u00e7a \u2013 e o fato de que agentes do Estado s\u00e3o estatisticamente a maior amea\u00e7a para a imprensa; as autoridades tanto participam como s\u00e3o c\u00famplices dos crimes cometidos\u201d.<\/p>\n

A organiza\u00e7\u00e3o avalia que o governo de Andr\u00e9s Manuel L\u00f3pez Obrador (AMLO), que tomou posse no dia 1o<\/sup> de dezembro de 2018, \u201cj\u00e1 se mostrou cheio de contradi\u00e7\u00f5es em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 import\u00e2ncia do trabalho jornal\u00edstico<\/a> e viol\u00eancia contra a imprensa\u201d. Pouco depois de ser empossado, o presidente \u201ccome\u00e7ou a estigmatizar a imprensa como dissidente\u201d e tamb\u00e9m atacou v\u00e1rios \u00f3rg\u00e3os do governo que garantem o direito \u00e0 informa\u00e7\u00e3o, diz o relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n

Al\u00e9m disso, a troca de governo n\u00e3o significou mudan\u00e7a em rela\u00e7\u00e3o aos assassinatos de jornalistas, j\u00e1 que nos primeiros nove meses de AMLO presidente, 11 jornalistas foram assassinados no M\u00e9xico<\/a>, diz a Artigo 19.<\/p>\n

A Col\u00f4mbia, por sua vez, teve um decl\u00ednio em liberdade de express\u00e3o ap\u00f3s a assinatura do acordo de paz<\/a> que p\u00f4s fim ao conflito armado entre o governo e as For\u00e7as Armadas Revolucion\u00e1rias da Col\u00f4mbia (FARC), segundo o relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n

Isso devido ao \u201cecossistema de grupos armados na Col\u00f4mbia e ao fracasso do governo do presidente Iv\u00e1n Duque M\u00e1rquez<\/a> em implementar o acordo de paz\u201d, combinados \u00e0 \u201cquase aus\u00eancia do Estado em certas \u00e1reas rurais e cont\u00ednua falta de vontade pol\u00edtica para apoiar um ambiente diverso e cr\u00edtico para comunicadores e defensores de direitos humanos\u201d, afirma a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

A viol\u00eancia contra comunicadores na Col\u00f4mbia aumentou 53% entre 2017 e 2018<\/a>, segundo o informe. As viola\u00e7\u00f5es v\u00e3o desde a estigmatiza\u00e7\u00e3o de jornalistas por meio de plataformas oficiais at\u00e9 ataques f\u00edsicos, e funcion\u00e1rios do Estado foram os perpetradores em 105 dos 477 casos registrados em 2018.<\/p>\n

O relat\u00f3rio cita v\u00e1rias autoridades que teriam supostamente perseguido jornalistas<\/a>, inclusive o ex-presidente e atual senador \u00c1lvaro Uribe, l\u00edder do partido governista, e os recorrentes epis\u00f3dios em que ele estigmatizou<\/a> e amea\u00e7ou retaliar jornalistas<\/a> em decorr\u00eancia de seu trabalho.<\/p>\n

Outro grave evento a impactar negativamente a liberdade de express\u00e3o na Col\u00f4mbia foi o assassinato em mar\u00e7o de 2018 de uma equipe de reportagem do jornal equatoriano El Comercio<\/a>, lembra a Artigo 19. Eles foram assassinados por dissidentes das FARC na fronteira entre os dois pa\u00edses<\/a>, e o informe observa que grupos locais criticaram a maneira em que os dois governos lidaram com a situa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>. Mas o relat\u00f3rio classifica como \u201c<\/a>hist\u00f3rica<\/a>\u201d a decis\u00e3o da Comiss\u00e3o Interamericana de Direitos Humanos (CIDH) de determinar uma alian\u00e7a<\/a> entre o \u00f3rg\u00e3o e os Estados da Col\u00f4mbia e do Equador para investigar o caso.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Em meio ao decl\u00ednio global da liberdade de express\u00e3o, a Nicar\u00e1gua \u00e9 um dos pa\u00edses que mais perdeu em liberdade de express\u00e3o, enquanto Cuba \u201clidera corrida regional para o abismo\u201d nas Am\u00e9ricas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":1742,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1219],"tags":[1396,1591],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-2178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-liberdade-de-imprensa-pt-br","tag-colombia-pt-br-2","tag-nicaragua-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nNicaragua est\u00e1 entre los pa\u00edses con mayor deterioro de la libertad de expresi\u00f3n en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os en el mundo: Art\u00edculo 19 - LatAm Journalism Review by the Knight Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Nicaragua est\u00e1 entre los pa\u00edses con mayor deterioro de la libertad de expresi\u00f3n en los \u00faltimos a\u00f1os en el mundo: Art\u00edculo 19 . 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