{"id":43563,"date":"2016-03-13T14:00:18","date_gmt":"2016-03-13T19:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/latamjournalismreview.org\/?p=43563"},"modified":"2021-11-29T14:01:08","modified_gmt":"2021-11-29T19:01:08","slug":"audiencia-da-cidh-debate-efeitos-da-transicao-a-tv-digital-aberta-na-liberdade-de-expressao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/latamjournalismreview.org\/pt-br\/articles\/audiencia-da-cidh-debate-efeitos-da-transicao-a-tv-digital-aberta-na-liberdade-de-expressao\/","title":{"rendered":"Audi\u00eancia da CIDH debate efeitos da transi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 TV digital aberta na liberdade de express\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"

Os novos desafios do processo de implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da televis\u00e3o\u00a0digital aberta nos pa\u00edses da\u00a0Am\u00e9rica Latina e seus efeitos na\u00a0liberdade de express\u00e3o\u00a0na\u00a0regi\u00e3o\u00a0foram\u00a0discutidos no dia\u00a05 de abril no\u00a0157o Per\u00edodo Ordin\u00e1rio de Sess\u00f5es\u00a0<\/a>da Comiss\u00e3o\u00a0Interamericana de Direitos\u00a0Humanos (CIDH).<\/p>\n

Na audi\u00eancia,\u00a0\u201cDireito\u00a0\u00e0 liberdade de express\u00e3o\u00a0e regula\u00e7\u00e3o de meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o audiovisual na\u00a0Am\u00e9rica\u201d<\/a>, participaram as organiza\u00e7\u00f5es n\u00e3o\u00a0governamentais:\u00a0\u00a0Associa\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0Internacional de Radiodifus\u00e3o<\/a>\u00a0(AIR) e\u00a0Observat\u00f3rio Latino-americano de Regula\u00e7\u00e3o, Meios e Converg\u00eancia<\/a>\u00a0(Observacom).<\/p>\n

Para ambas, a transi\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0da televis\u00e3o\u00a0anal\u00f3gica \u00e0\u00a0digital aberta pode impactar positivamente no\u00a0direito\u00a0\u00e0 liberdade de express\u00e3o\u00a0ao combater a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o nos\u00a0pa\u00edses latino-americanos. Esta migra\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0ao digital, disseram, tornaria\u00a0poss\u00edvel o\u00a0ingresso de mais operadores ao espa\u00e7o radioel\u00e9trico - caracterizado por ser limitado e escasso - ao contribuir para a\u00a0pluralidade de vozes e a diversidade de conte\u00fados.<\/p>\n

Gustavo G\u00f3mez, diretor-geral de Observacom, apontou\u00a0que o\u00a0processo de migra\u00e7\u00e3o para o\u00a0formato digital tem\u00a0um impacto muito importante sobre um recurso \u201cescasso e valioso que \u00e9 patrim\u00f4nio da humanidade\u201d, referindo-se ao\u00a0espa\u00e7o radioel\u00e9trico. A economia\u00a0que esta \u201ccompress\u00e3o\u00a0de sinais\u201d gera aos\u00a0governos, acrescentou, se torna\u00a0um\u00a0tema pol\u00edtico central na\u00a0regi\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Um dos\u00a0objetivos da transi\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0televis\u00e3o\u00a0digital exposto por\u00a0G\u00f3mez durante a audi\u00eancia seria poder conseguir um\u00a0sistema de m\u00eddia\u00a0\u2013 com novos operadores dos setores comunit\u00e1rio, p\u00fablico e comercial \u2013 mais diverso e plural que o\u00a0existente com as tecnologias anal\u00f3gicas.<\/p>\n

Contudo, os resultados de um\u00a0estudo<\/a>\u00a0realizado pelo\u00a0Observacom no in\u00edcio\u00a0de 2016 na\u00a0Argentina, no Brasil, Chile, Costa Rica, Col\u00f4mbia, Equador, M\u00e9xico, Peru e Uruguai, para ver se esta transi\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0\u00e0 televis\u00e3o\u00a0digital estava sendo compat\u00edvel\u00a0com os\u00a0padr\u00f5es propostos pela CIDH<\/a>\u00a0em um relat\u00f3rio\u00a0de 2014, apontam\u00a0que os beneficiados continuam\u00a0sendo os atores j\u00e1\u00a0existentes. O\u00a0estudo destaca sobretudo\u00a0Brasil e Venezuela, como pa\u00edses com modelos de m\u00eddia\u00a0\u201caltamente\u00a0concentrados\u201d.<\/p>\n

Uma das conclus\u00f5es da an\u00e1lise\u00a0de Observacom \u00e9\u00a0que o\u00a0processo de transi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 plataforma digital aberta nos pa\u00edses da\u00a0Am\u00e9rica Latina continua\u00a0sendo muito\u00a0desigual. A\u00a0\u00eanfase\u00a0continua\u00a0sendo econ\u00f4mica, disse o\u00a0organismo, sem\u00a0considerar o tema\u00a0da\u00a0liberdade\u00a0de express\u00e3o\u00a0relativo \u00e0\u00a0diversidade e pluralidade de conte\u00fados.<\/p>\n

Quanto ao aspecto comercial, a\u00a0maioria\u00a0dos\u00a0Estados da regi\u00e3o, segundo\u00a0Observacom, est\u00e1 cedendo o\u00a0espa\u00e7o liberado no\u00a0espectro radioel\u00e9trico, que abre espa\u00e7o para a\u00a0televis\u00e3o\u00a0digital aberta, \u00e0 banda larga\u00a0m\u00f3vel, tirando o\u00a0espa\u00e7o\u00a0da radiodifus\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

G\u00f3mez tamb\u00e9m\u00a0ressaltou\u00a0que n\u00e3o tem\u00a0havido um processo de discuss\u00e3o\u00a0aberto dos\u00a0Estados com a\u00a0sociedade, apenas\u00a0com as empresas, o que\u00a0definiu\u00a0como uma falha\u00a0a considerar na\u00a0an\u00e1lise. \u201cNa\u00a0maioria\u00a0dos Estados h\u00e1 muito\u00a0pouca participa\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0civil nas\u00a0pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas e defini\u00e7\u00f5es t\u00e9cnicas\u201d, pontuou.<\/p>\n

Tamb\u00e9m no\u00a0informe<\/a>\u00a0da Relatoria Especial para a Liberdade de Express\u00e3o da CIDH citado pela\u00a0organiza\u00e7\u00e3o, pede-se aos\u00a0governos\u00a0membros da Organiza\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0dos Estados Americanos (OEA) assegurar que no\u00a0processo de \u201ctransi\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0digital terrestre se garanta\u00a0o\u00a0respeito \u00e0 liberdade\u00a0de express\u00e3o, incluindo\u00a0a diversidade de meios relativa a linha editorial ou tipo de propriedade\u201d.<\/p>\n

Dentre os padr\u00f5es\u00a0propostos\u00a0pela Relatoria Especial\u00a0mencionados no documento, tamb\u00e9m aparece\u00a0a adequa\u00e7\u00e3o das normativas jur\u00eddicas dos governos para implementar esta migra\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0\u00e0 plataforma digital, de modo que esta modifica\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0das pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas gere\u00a0pluralismo de conte\u00fados e evite a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0na radiodifus\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

O diretor geral da AIR, Juan Andr\u00e9s Lerena, sustentou\u00a0que a propriedade e o controle dos meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o devem\u00a0estar sujeitos a leis\u00a0antimonop\u00f3licas e que em nenhum\u00a0caso\u00a0devem\u00a0ser exclusivas para os meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n

Embora o desej\u00e1vel seja que n\u00e3o haja\u00a0monop\u00f3lios ou\u00a0oligop\u00f3lios, ressaltou\u00a0Lerena, \u201cos meios\u00a0devem\u00a0ter a\u00a0possibilidade de ser [economicamente] fortes para que possam\u00a0enfrentar\u00a0sem temor qualquer\u00a0centro de poder\u201d. Sobre isso, citou\u00a0como exemplos os casos\u00a0Watergate<\/a>,\u00a0Fifagate<\/a>, e\u00a0Lava Jato<\/a>, no Brasil.<\/p>\n

Durante a audi\u00eancia, os representantes da AIR tamb\u00e9m expressaram\u00a0perante o\u00a0Relator Especial para a Liberdade de Express\u00e3o, Edison Lanza, sua preocupa\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0com os\u00a0prazos das\u00a0licen\u00e7as de funcionamento dos meios e a exist\u00eancia de mecanismos de renova\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0pouco claros nos\u00a0pa\u00edses latino-americanos.<\/p>\n

Isso permite, segundo\u00a0a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o, um \u201cuso\u00a0arbitr\u00e1rio e ileg\u00edtimo por parte dos governos em\u00a0turno\u201d, que podem utilizar a renova\u00e7\u00e3o como instrumento de press\u00e3o a meios de radiodifus\u00e3o com linhas editoriais n\u00e3o favor\u00e1veis ao\u00a0Estado.<\/p>\n

\u201cHoje\u00a0na Venezuela, centenas\u00a0de\u00a0radioemissoras com suas licen\u00e7as vencidas esperam a renova\u00e7\u00e3o de sua frequ\u00eancia<\/a>. Tamb\u00e9m ocorre no\u00a0Equador e na Bol\u00edvia\u201d, disse\u00a0Lerena.<\/p>\n

A outorga\u00a0de licen\u00e7as por tempo indeterminado, com op\u00e7\u00f5es de prefer\u00eancia para sua renova\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0ao radiodifusor respons\u00e1vel, \u201c\u00e9 a\u00a0melhor garantia para o\u00a0exerc\u00edcio da liberdade de express\u00e3o\u201d, assegurou\u00a0Edmundo R\u00e9bora de AIR, tamb\u00e9m presidente da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0de Radiodifusoras Privadas Argentinas,\u00a0ARPA<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Mas para Observacom, a renova\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0autom\u00e1tica das concess\u00f5es\u00a0consolidam\u00a0e perpetuam a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o que j\u00e1\u00a0existe na\u00a0regi\u00e3o. O leil\u00e3o\u00a0econ\u00f4mico, segundo\u00a0afirmam, n\u00e3o pode\u00a0ser um\u00a0dos poucos mecanismos de acesso \u00e0\u00a0licen\u00e7a, j\u00e1\u00a0que \u201cisso implica que s\u00f3\u00a0os que t\u00eam\u00a0mais dinheiro podem\u00a0gerenciar\u00a0um meio\u201d.<\/p>\n

Aleida Calleja, coordenadora de Advocacy de Observacom, disse\u00a0que a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0nos\u00a0meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0n\u00e3o pode ser manejada como qualquer mercado, porque est\u00e1 em jogo\u00a0a liberdade de express\u00e3o. \u201cO\u00a0pluralismo nem sempre se resolve\u00a0com leis de concorr\u00eancia\u00a0econ\u00f4mica\u201d, observou.<\/p>\n

Ap\u00f3s a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0de ambas as organiza\u00e7\u00f5es, Lanza ressaltou\u00a0que qualquer\u00a0tipo de regula\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0aos meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0se torna\u00a0um tema \u201ccomplexo\u00a0e sens\u00edvel\u201d, j\u00e1\u00a0que estes s\u00e3o \u201cos ve\u00edculos atrav\u00e9s dos quais se exerce a liberdade de express\u00e3o, d\u00e3o\u00a0espa\u00e7o ao debate p\u00fablico e \u00e0\u00a0difus\u00e3o\u00a0coletiva\u201d.<\/p>\n

Com rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao pedido da\u00a0Observacom \u00e0 Relatoria Especial\u00a0de auxiliar\u00a0os pa\u00edses latino-americanos que come\u00e7aram a\u00a0implementar\u00a0a televis\u00e3o\u00a0digital aberta, Lanza reiterou\u00a0o compromisso do escrit\u00f3rio\u00a0de construir os melhores padr\u00f5es\u00a0que garantam\u00a0a continuidade dos setores tradicionais da radiodifus\u00e3o, do\u00a0setor comercial e daqueles\u00a0setores que se sentiram\u00a0exclu\u00eddos, como as r\u00e1dios e canais comunit\u00e1rios.<\/p>\n

Nota do editor: Essa hist\u00f3ria foi publicada originalmente no blog de jornalismo nas Am\u00e9ricas do Centro Knight, o predecessor do LatAm Journalism Review.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Os novos desafios do processo de implementa\u00e7\u00e3o da televis\u00e3o\u00a0digital aberta nos pa\u00edses da\u00a0Am\u00e9rica Latina e seus efeitos na\u00a0liberdade de express\u00e3o\u00a0na\u00a0regi\u00e3o\u00a0foram\u00a0discutidos no dia\u00a05 de abril no\u00a0157o Per\u00edodo Ordin\u00e1rio de Sess\u00f5es\u00a0da Comiss\u00e3o\u00a0Interamericana de Direitos\u00a0Humanos (CIDH).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1219],"tags":[1593,2051,1547],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-43563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-liberdade-de-imprensa-pt-br","tag-jornalismo-online-pt-br","tag-liberdade-de-expressao-pt-br","tag-regulacao-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nAudi\u00eancia da CIDH debate efeitos da transi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 TV digital aberta na liberdade de express\u00e3o - LatAm Journalism Review by the Knight Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Audi\u00eancia da CIDH debate efeitos da transi\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 TV digital aberta na liberdade de express\u00e3o Liberdade de Imprensa. 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