{"id":45562,"date":"2017-05-08T14:26:10","date_gmt":"2017-05-08T19:26:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/latamjournalismreview.org\/?p=45562"},"modified":"2021-12-15T14:28:04","modified_gmt":"2021-12-15T19:28:04","slug":"unesco-defende-que-paises-tenham-orgaos-independentes-para-proteger-o-publico-da-concentracao-de-midia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/latamjournalismreview.org\/pt-br\/articles\/unesco-defende-que-paises-tenham-orgaos-independentes-para-proteger-o-publico-da-concentracao-de-midia\/","title":{"rendered":"Unesco defende que pa\u00edses tenham \u00f3rg\u00e3os independentes para proteger o p\u00fablico da concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00eddia"},"content":{"rendered":"

Considerando a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0hist\u00f3rica\u00a0da propriedade de meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0na Am\u00e9rica Latina - o que amea\u00e7a a diversidade e o pluralismo nesse setor - a Unesco recomendou que os pa\u00edses busquem um equil\u00edbrio entre os direitos das emissoras e do p\u00fablico.<\/p>\n

No Dia Mundial da Liberdade de Imprensa, celebrado em 3 de maio, a Unesco publicou o\u00a0relat\u00f3rio \"Concentra\u00e7\u00e3o da Propriedade de M\u00eddia e Liberdade de Express\u00e3o: Padr\u00f5es Globais e Implica\u00e7\u00f5es para as Am\u00e9ricas\"<\/a>, escrito por Toby Mendel, \u00c1ngel Garc\u00eda Castillejo e Gustavo G\u00f3mez.<\/p>\n

No relat\u00f3rio, a organiza\u00e7\u00e3o analisou como o fator de propriedade de m\u00eddia influencia diretamente o conte\u00fado, a pluralidade e a perspectiva das mensagens emitidas, o que poderia ir contra um dos direitos humanos, o de receber uma variedade de informa\u00e7\u00f5es e opini\u00f5es para tomar melhores decis\u00f5es.<\/p>\n

\"Em outras palavras, a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o indevida da propriedade de meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o limita o livre fluxo de informa\u00e7\u00f5es e ideias na sociedade, em detrimento de todos\", disseram os autores do relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n

Em pa\u00edses como Argentina, Brasil e M\u00e9xico, onde monop\u00f3lios de m\u00eddia ou duop\u00f3lios existem praticamente desde o nascimento da ind\u00fastria de r\u00e1dio e televis\u00e3o nesses pa\u00edses, o p\u00fablico n\u00e3o tem exercido plenamente a sua liberdade de express\u00e3o e informa\u00e7\u00e3o, segundo um dos autores do relat\u00f3rio, Gustavo G\u00f3mez, professor uruguaio e consultor em quest\u00f5es regulat\u00f3rias e pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas de m\u00eddia.<\/p>\n

\"N\u00e3o h\u00e1 plena liberdade de express\u00e3o em um pa\u00eds se n\u00e3o houver um sistema de m\u00eddia pluralista e diverso\", disse G\u00f3mez ao\u00a0Centro Knight<\/strong>. \"No caso dos monop\u00f3lios ou duop\u00f3lios de m\u00eddia, como \u00e9 o caso da televis\u00e3o no M\u00e9xico, cito a\u00a0Declara\u00e7\u00e3o de Princ\u00edpios sobre Liberdade de Express\u00e3o da Comiss\u00e3o Interamericana de Direitos Humanos<\/a>: \"monop\u00f3lios ou oligop\u00f3lios de posse e controle dos meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o (...) conspiram contra a democracia, limitando a pluralidade e a diversidade que garantem o pleno exerc\u00edcio do direito \u00e0 informa\u00e7\u00e3o\".<\/p>\n

G\u00f3mez acrescentou que a liberdade de express\u00e3o pode ser afetada sem a interven\u00e7\u00e3o direta da a\u00e7\u00e3o do Estado, no caso da exist\u00eancia de monop\u00f3lios e oligop\u00f3lios de m\u00eddia.<\/p>\n

A Unesco observou em seu relat\u00f3rio que, na maioria dos pa\u00edses da Am\u00e9rica Latina e do Caribe, est\u00e1 sendo realizado um processo de revis\u00e3o e reforma das leis de m\u00eddia, tanto por mudan\u00e7as pol\u00edticas, quanto pela introdu\u00e7\u00e3o de novas tecnologias, como a televis\u00e3o digital.<\/p>\n

A maioria dessas reformas, diz o relat\u00f3rio, leva em conta o problema da concentra\u00e7\u00e3o da propriedade dos meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o. Mesmo em pa\u00edses como Brasil, M\u00e9xico, Bol\u00edvia, Peru e Equador, h\u00e1 regras previstas para proibir os monop\u00f3lios de m\u00eddia. No entanto, h\u00e1 problemas na forma como essas leis est\u00e3o sendo implementadas, principalmente devido \u00e0 interven\u00e7\u00e3o de interesses pol\u00edticos e comerciais.<\/p>\n

\"Na maioria dos casos, os \u00f3rg\u00e3os reguladores ou de supervis\u00e3o n\u00e3o est\u00e3o suficientemente protegidos contra a interfer\u00eancia, seja pol\u00edtica ou comercial\", disse o relat\u00f3rio. \"Isso, na maioria dos casos, \u00e9 exacerbado pela forma mais ou menos abertamente pol\u00edtica de aplica\u00e7\u00e3o dessas leis\".<\/p>\n

O conflito de concentra\u00e7\u00e3o da propriedade de m\u00eddia \u00e9 agravado pelo fen\u00f4meno conhecido como \"propriedade cruzada de meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o\", em que os donos de uma empresa de m\u00eddia tamb\u00e9m possuem outros neg\u00f3cios em diferentes ind\u00fastrias, como lojas ou bancos, ou mesmo em outros ramos da imprensa.<\/p>\n

Diante desses problemas, a Unesco listou v\u00e1rias recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es para encontrar um equil\u00edbrio entre os direitos do p\u00fablico \u00e0 livre circula\u00e7\u00e3o de opini\u00f5es e diversidade de vozes e o direito das empresas de m\u00eddia ao desenvolvimento comercial.<\/p>\n

Entre as recomenda\u00e7\u00f5es mencionadas no relat\u00f3rio, a Unesco defende que as empresas de m\u00eddia periodicamente informem sobre as suas estruturas de propriedade, opera\u00e7\u00f5es e receitas para um \u00f3rg\u00e3o regulador. Al\u00e9m disso, segundo o relat\u00f3rio, os governos devem adotar regras para limitar a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o indevida de propriedade e controle por uma \u00fanica pessoa ou entidade em um mercado de m\u00eddia.<\/p>\n

A organiza\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m recomendou a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de sistemas que garantam o respeito dessas regras e transpar\u00eancia dos meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o social, por meio de um \u00f3rg\u00e3o independente, sem influ\u00eancia pol\u00edtica ou comercial.<\/p>\n

\"A aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de limita\u00e7\u00f5es claras e justas \u00e0 concentra\u00e7\u00e3o da propriedade de m\u00eddia por \u00f3rg\u00e3os administrativos independentes, cujas decis\u00f5es podem ser questionadas nos tribunais, pode reverter essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o e criar um ambiente em que os direitos de liberdade de express\u00e3o de oradores e ouvintes sejam protegidos\", concluiu o relat\u00f3rio.<\/p>\n

Nota do editor: Essa hist\u00f3ria foi publicada originalmente no blog de jornalismo nas Am\u00e9ricas do Centro Knight, o predecessor do LatAm Journalism Review.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Considerando a concentra\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0hist\u00f3rica\u00a0da propriedade de meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0na Am\u00e9rica Latina - o que amea\u00e7a a diversidade e o pluralismo nesse setor - a Unesco recomendou que os pa\u00edses busquem um equil\u00edbrio entre os direitos das emissoras e do p\u00fablico.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1219],"tags":[1555,1587],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-45562","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-liberdade-de-imprensa-pt-br","tag-acesso-a-informacao-pt-br","tag-concentracao-de-midia-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nUnesco defende que pa\u00edses tenham \u00f3rg\u00e3os independentes para proteger o p\u00fablico da concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00eddia - LatAm Journalism Review by the Knight Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Unesco defende que pa\u00edses tenham \u00f3rg\u00e3os independentes para proteger o p\u00fablico da concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00eddia Liberdade de Imprensa. 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He has written for publications such as TODO Austin, Texas Music Magazine and The Austin Chronicle. C\u00e9sar has a Master's degree in Journalism from the University of Texas at Austin and a Bachelors degree in Communication from the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He previously wrote about innovation in journalism for the Gabo Foundation in Colombia and currently reports for the Knight Center's LatAmJournalism Review digital magazine. A native of Mexico City, C\u00e9sar has become a digital nomad combining content creation with his passion for travel. ________ C\u00e9sar L\u00f3pez Linares inici\u00f3 su carrera en el diario mexicano REFORMA como coeditor de entretenimiento y medios. Ha escrito para publicaciones como TODO Austin, Texas Music Magazine y The Austin Chronicle. C\u00e9sar tiene una Maestr\u00eda en Periodismo de la Universidad de Texas en Austin y una Licenciatura en Comunicaci\u00f3n de la Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico. 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He has written for publications such as TODO Austin, Texas Music Magazine and The Austin Chronicle. C\u00e9sar has a Master's degree in Journalism from the University of Texas at Austin and a Bachelors degree in Communication from the National Autonomous University of Mexico. He previously wrote about innovation in journalism for the Gabo Foundation in Colombia and currently reports for the Knight Center's LatAmJournalism Review digital magazine. A native of Mexico City, C\u00e9sar has become a digital nomad combining content creation with his passion for travel. ________ C\u00e9sar L\u00f3pez Linares inici\u00f3 su carrera en el diario mexicano REFORMA como coeditor de entretenimiento y medios. Ha escrito para publicaciones como TODO Austin, Texas Music Magazine y The Austin Chronicle. C\u00e9sar tiene una Maestr\u00eda en Periodismo de la Universidad de Texas en Austin y una Licenciatura en Comunicaci\u00f3n de la Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico. Previamente escribi\u00f3 sobre innovaci\u00f3n en periodismo para la Fundaci\u00f3n Gabo en Colombia y actualmente escribe para la revista digital LatAmJournalism Review del Centro Knight. Originario de la Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, C\u00e9sar se ha convertido en un n\u00f3mada digital que combina la creaci\u00f3n de contenido con su pasi\u00f3n por viajar. _________ C\u00e9sar L\u00f3pez Linares come\u00e7ou sua carreira no jornal mexicano REFORMA como coeditor de entretenimento e m\u00eddia. Ele escreveu para publica\u00e7\u00f5es como TODO Austin, Texas Music Magazine e The Austin Chronicle. C\u00e9sar tem mestrado em jornalismo pela University of Texas em Austin e \u00e9 bacharel em comunica\u00e7\u00e3o pela Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico. Antes disso, ele escreveu sobre inova\u00e7\u00e3o no jornalismo para a Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Gabo na Col\u00f4mbia. Atualmente escreve para a revista digital LatAmJournalism Review do Centro Knight. 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