{"id":46417,"date":"2022-01-05T18:46:33","date_gmt":"2022-01-05T23:46:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/latamjournalismreview.org\/?p=46417"},"modified":"2022-01-06T02:23:10","modified_gmt":"2022-01-06T07:23:10","slug":"peruvian-capital-registers-record-number-in-number-of-attacks-on-journalists-during-2021-according-to-anp-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/latamjournalismreview.org\/pt-br\/articles\/peruvian-capital-registers-record-number-in-number-of-attacks-on-journalists-during-2021-according-to-anp-report\/","title":{"rendered":"Capital peruana registra n\u00famero recorde de agress\u00f5es a jornalistas durante 2021, segundo ANP"},"content":{"rendered":"

Durante 2021, ano de elei\u00e7\u00f5es presidenciais e parlamentares e segundo ano da pandemia de COVID-19, a imprensa sofreu 105 ataques na capital peruana, Lima, de um total de <\/span><\/span>206 ataques em<\/span><\/span><\/a> todo o pa\u00eds, segundo o relat\u00f3rio de ataques \u00e0 liberdade da <\/span><\/span>Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Jornalistas do Peru<\/span><\/span><\/a> (ANP).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Embora o n\u00famero de agress\u00f5es a jornalistas em todo o pa\u00eds tenha diminu\u00eddo, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com os 239 registrados pela ANP em 2020, a capital teve um aumento recorde.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Em todo o pa\u00eds, os tr\u00eas tipos mais frequentes de ataques contra jornalistas foram amea\u00e7as e ass\u00e9dio (61), agress\u00e3o f\u00edsica e verbal (58) e intimida\u00e7\u00e3o judicial (31). <\/span>A organiza\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m documentou 15 ataques cibern\u00e9ticos, 15 casos de discurso estigmatizante, 14 obst\u00e1culos \u00e0 informa\u00e7\u00e3o, nove <\/span><\/span>sa\u00eddas ou demiss\u00f5es<\/span><\/span><\/a>, duas pris\u00f5es e um roubo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Os principais agressores foram indiv\u00edduos e grupos da sociedade civil e funcion\u00e1rios do Estado, segundo o relat\u00f3rio.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A presidente da ANP, Zuliana Lainez, disse em entrevista \u00e0\u00a0 <\/span><\/span>LatAm Journalism Review (LJR)<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\u00a0que os tr\u00eas contextos que jornalistas no pa\u00eds tiveram de cobrir durante 2021 foram muito complexos. <\/span>De acordo com Lainez, s\u00e3o eles: a pandemia; <\/span>a tens\u00e3o entre a aplica\u00e7\u00e3o da lei e a imprensa, em parte devido \u00e0s restri\u00e7\u00f5es durante o primeiro ano da pandemia; <\/span>e as elei\u00e7\u00f5es gerais em um momento de polariza\u00e7\u00e3o social.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O fen\u00f4meno da polariza\u00e7\u00e3o e desinforma\u00e7\u00e3o social que se agrava no contexto da pandemia \u00e9 um fen\u00f4meno global que <\/span><\/span>atinge tamb\u00e9m os peruanos em sua atual situa\u00e7\u00e3o pol\u00edtica<\/span><\/span><\/a> .<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cVivemos, a n\u00edvel regional e global, cen\u00e1rios sociais com tens\u00f5es significativas devido \u00e0 atua\u00e7\u00e3o de grupos, muitos deles de extrema direita, que estigmatizam o trabalho da imprensa que lhes incomoda\u201d, disse Lainez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Isso se soma \u00e0 concentra\u00e7\u00e3o da m\u00eddia, que no caso de um determinado grupo de m\u00eddia chega a 80% no pa\u00eds e influencia significativamente a opini\u00e3o p\u00fablica, disse Lainez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Lainez disse que a crise jornal\u00edstica que o Peru experimentou durante o ano eleitoral de 2021 foi o segundo momento mais cr\u00edtico para o jornalismo na hist\u00f3ria recente do Peru. <\/span>O primeiro momento, ela argumentou, foi quando o regime de Fujimori caiu ap\u00f3s a publica\u00e7\u00e3o dos <\/span><\/span>\"Vladivideos\"<\/span><\/span><\/a> em 2000. A confian\u00e7a do p\u00fablico na imprensa foi muito afetada e reconstru\u00ed-la foi um trabalho muito dif\u00edcil, disse Lainez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nos vladiv\u00eddeos, como foram chamados os v\u00eddeos feitos por Vladimiro Montesinos, ent\u00e3o assessor presidencial de Alberto Fujimori (1990-2000), os donos dos principais meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o peruanos foram vistos desfilando pela salinha do Sistema Nacional de Intelig\u00eancia (SIN) durante a d\u00e9cada de 1990, <\/span><\/span>e recebendo grandes quantias em dinheiro de Montesinos<\/span><\/span><\/a>, em troca de favores editoriais da m\u00eddia que foram positivos para o governo.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"E como era o caso [no contexto] dos anos 90 e est\u00e1 acontecendo agora, o comportamento dos propriet\u00e1rios da m\u00eddia tem sido terr\u00edvel.\"<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nas elei\u00e7\u00f5es de 2021, os editoriais sobre os candidatos presidenciais apareceram n\u00e3o apenas nas colunas de opini\u00e3o, mas tamb\u00e9m na se\u00e7\u00e3o de not\u00edcias, disse Lainez. <\/span>Nesse sentido, destacou, houve uma simbiose entre o avan\u00e7o de grupos ultraconservadores e o comportamento de uma imprensa concentrada.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u00c9 um ataque a um princ\u00edpio b\u00e1sico do jornalismo, para quebrar o equil\u00edbrio das informa\u00e7\u00f5es\", disse Lainez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O Tribunal de \u00c9tica do Conselho de Imprensa Peruano determinou em junho de 2021 que os principais canais de TV e jornais do pa\u00eds \u2013 do maior conglomerado de m\u00eddia \u2013 violaram seus princ\u00edpios norteadores durante a cobertura eleitoral de 2021, \u201c<\/span><\/span>afetando gravemente a liberdade de express\u00e3o<\/span><\/span><\/a>\u201d.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Outro ponto que se destaca no relat\u00f3rio \u00e9 a falta de um mecanismo de prote\u00e7\u00e3o para jornalistas como o do M\u00e9xico ou da Col\u00f4mbia. <\/span>A \u00fanica coisa que existe no Peru, e que \u00e9 aplicada desde 2021 por meio do Minist\u00e9rio da Justi\u00e7a e Direitos Humanos, \u00e9 um <\/span><\/span>mecanismo para defensores de direitos humanos<\/span><\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Esse mecanismo inclui jornalistas, lideran\u00e7as de comunidades ind\u00edgenas, ativistas de direitos humanos, entre outros, do grupo protegido, conforme determinado pela Ouvidoria em 2020. \u201c\u00c9 um protocolo que talvez pretenda seguir em linha com o que h\u00e1 na regi\u00e3o, o mecanismos mais conhecidos na Am\u00e9rica Latina\u201d, disse Lainez.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cH\u00e1 mais de cinco anos pedimos aos diversos ministros do Interior que passaram por aquele escrit\u00f3rio que se sentassem para falar, aos jornalistas e \u00e0 Pol\u00edcia Nacional do Peru, em tempo h\u00e1bil, para buscar um caminho de entendimento\u201d, disse Lainez. <\/span>Em 2019, a ANP conseguiu conversar com um dos ministros respons\u00e1veis \u200b\u200be eles concordaram em agendar uma primeira reuni\u00e3o de trabalho que nunca se concretizou, acrescentou.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Os mecanismos de prote\u00e7\u00e3o aos jornalistas s\u00e3o de responsabilidade do Estado, n\u00e3o apenas da m\u00eddia, dos empregadores e dos pr\u00f3prios jornalistas, destaca a ANP em seu relat\u00f3rio.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Outro destaque do relat\u00f3rio \u00e9 que a maioria dos jornalistas agredidos eram homens, com 115 casos, em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com 55 ataques a jornalistas mulheres.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nas reda\u00e7\u00f5es, \"uma cultura machista ainda prevalece\", disse Lainez, apesar de haver uma grande popula\u00e7\u00e3o feminina estudando jornalismo, acrescentou.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLembremos que n\u00e3o existe mais teto de vidro, existe teto de concreto. Ou seja, as mulheres dirigentes dos meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o n\u00e3o chegam nem a 25% no Peru. Os patr\u00f5es, que na maioria das vezes s\u00e3o homens, quando se trata de protesto social, priorizam o envio de homens para fazer a cobertura\u201d, disse Lainez, destacando que, em geral, o acesso ao emprego em n\u00edvel nacional tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 desfavor\u00e1vel em termos de g\u00eanero.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2022 n\u00e3o traz um quadro mais promissor para a imprensa peruana, pois ser\u00e1 mais um ano de elei\u00e7\u00f5es, desta vez para autoridades locais e regionais.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cA polariza\u00e7\u00e3o existe e continua se aprofundando. <\/span>Sempre existe a amea\u00e7a de uma potencial destitui\u00e7\u00e3o do presidente e do presidente, <\/span><\/span>que nutre animosidade contra a imprensa concentrada<\/span><\/span><\/a> por causa de tudo o que aconteceu durante a campanha, mas que tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o ajuda quando se trata de quest\u00f5es de transpar\u00eancia e acesso \u00e0 informa\u00e7\u00e3o\u201d, concluiu.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jornalistas na capital peruana enfrentaram um n\u00famero recorde de 105 casos de agress\u00e3o enquanto faziam seus trabalhos, especialmente durante os meses das campanhas eleitorais presidenciais que foram marcadas por uma alta polariza\u00e7\u00e3o social, pol\u00edtica e da m\u00eddia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":46364,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1219,1221],"tags":[1597],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-46417","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-liberdade-de-imprensa-pt-br","category-violencia-contra-jornalistas-pt-br","tag-peru-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCapital peruana registra n\u00famero recorde de agress\u00f5es a jornalistas durante 2021, segundo ANP - LatAm Journalism Review by the Knight Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Capital peruana registra n\u00famero recorde de agress\u00f5es a jornalistas durante 2021, segundo ANP Viol\u00eancia Contra Jornalistas. 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