A tramita\u00e7\u00e3o de projetos de lei na C\u00e2mara dos Deputados vai passar a ser acompanhada de perto por um novo setorista: um rob\u00f4 produtor de not\u00edcias, o primeiro do tipo no Brasil.<\/p>\n
O bot\u00a0vai\u00a0produzir\u00a0automaticamente\u00a0pequenos\u00a0textos\u00a0objetivos\u00a0com\u00a0informa\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0do \u00a0Medidor\u00a0de\u00a0Poder,\u00a0uma\u00a0base de dados que\u00a0reune\u00a0informa\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0sobre\u00a0leis,\u00a0pol\u00edticos\u00a0e\u00a0candidatos.\u00a0Desde\u00a02016, a\u00a0Opera\u00e7\u00e3o Serenata de Amor<\/a>,\u00a0grupo\u00a0por\u00a0tr\u00e1s\u00a0do\u00a0projeto,\u00a0utiliza\u00a0intelig\u00eancia\u00a0artificial\u00a0para\u00a0monitorar\u00a0gastos\u00a0de\u00a0deputados\u00a0federais. O\u00a0lan\u00e7amento\u00a0do\u00a0rob\u00f4\u00a0produtor\u00a0de\u00a0not\u00edcias\u00a0est\u00e1\u00a0previsto\u00a0para\u00a0o\u00a0segundo\u00a0semestre\u00a0deste\u00a0ano, em tempo\u00a0para\u00a0as\u00a0elei\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0de\u00a0outubro.<\/p>\n Segundo a\u00a0diretora\u00a0da\u00a0Opera\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0Serenata de Amor,\u00a0Yaso\u00a0Cordova, fellow\u00a0da\u00a0Digital Kennedy School, a\u00a0ideia\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0que o bot\u00a0produza\u00a0textos\u00a0informativos\u00a0e\u00a0objetivos\u00a0de forma\u00a0\u00e1gil\u00a0e\u00a0autom\u00e1tica.<\/p>\n \u201cQueremos\u00a0fazer\u00a0com\u00a0muito\u00a0cuidado\u00a0para\u00a0dar\u00a0relev\u00e2ncia\u00a0ao\u00a0que\u00a0queremos\u00a0escrever\u00a0e\u00a0n\u00e3o\u00a0atribuir\u00a0qualquer\u00a0tipo\u00a0de valor\u00a0aos\u00a0projetos\u00a0de lei\u00a0nas\u00a0mat\u00e9rias\u201d,\u00a0disse\u00a0ao\u00a0Centro Knight<\/strong>.\u00a0\u201cN\u00e3o\u00a0queremos\u00a0atribuir\u00a0valores\u00a0que\u00a0n\u00e3o\u00a0s\u00e3o\u00a0transparentes\u00a0para\u00a0o\u00a0eleitor.\u00a0Opini\u00e3o\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0s\u00f3\u00a0para\u00a0os\u00a0humanos. A\u00a0ideia\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0deixar\u00a0que as\u00a0pessoas\u00a0tirem\u00a0suas\u00a0pr\u00f3prias\u00a0conclus\u00f5es, que\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0o que\u00a0j\u00e1\u00a0fazemos\u00a0com a Rosie\u201d,\u00a0concluiu, se\u00a0referindo\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0bot da Opera\u00e7\u00e3o Serenata de Amor que notifica gastos suspeitos<\/a>\u00a0na\u00a0C\u00e2mara\u00a0dos\u00a0Deputados\u00a0por\u00a0meio\u00a0do Twitter.<\/p>\n Como\u00a0j\u00e1\u00a0foi\u00a0dito, o\u00a0rob\u00f4-jornalista\u00a0ser\u00e1\u00a0capaz\u00a0de\u00a0escrever\u00a0pequenos\u00a0artigos\u00a0sobre\u00a0a\u00a0tramita\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0de\u00a0projetos\u00a0de lei na\u00a0C\u00e2mara\u00a0dos\u00a0Deputados. A\u00a0equipe\u00a0da\u00a0Serenata de Amor\u00a0quer\u00a0reunir\u00a0informa\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0como\u00a0o\u00a0patrim\u00f4nio\u00a0dos\u00a0pol\u00edticos, as\u00a0doa\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0recebidas\u00a0pelas\u00a0campanhas, os\u00a0projetos\u00a0de lei\u00a0j\u00e1\u00a0propostos, e\u00a0tamb\u00e9m\u00a0os\u00a0gastos\u00a0com\u00a0cotas\u00a0e\u00a0emendas\u00a0parlamentares.<\/p>\n Al\u00e9m\u00a0de prover\u00a0informa\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0sobre\u00a0deputados\u00a0j\u00e1\u00a0eleitos, a base que\u00a0est\u00e1\u00a0sendo\u00a0constru\u00edda\u00a0com dados\u00a0p\u00fablicos\u00a0disponibilizados\u00a0pelo\u00a0Tribunal Superior\u00a0Eleitoral\u00a0(TSE)\u00a0deve\u00a0tamb\u00e9m\u00a0agregar\u00a0informa\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0sobre\u00a0candidatos\u00a0a\u00a0outros\u00a0cargos.\u00a0Nas\u00a0elei\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0de\u00a0outubro,\u00a0ser\u00e3o\u00a0disputadas\u00a0vagas\u00a0para\u00a0deputado\u00a0estadual, federal,\u00a0senador,\u00a0governador\u00a0e\u00a0presidente.<\/p>\n Para\u00a0coletar\u00a0e\u00a0padronizar\u00a0todos\u00a0os dados\u00a0necess\u00e1rios, a Serenata de Amor\u00a0vai\u00a0contar\u00a0com\u00a0organiza\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0parceiras,\u00a0como\u00a0o\u00a0projeto\u00a0Congresso em N\u00fameros<\/a>.\u00a0\u201cEstruturar\u00a0todos\u00a0esses\u00a0dados de\u00a0uma\u00a0mesma\u00a0forma\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0muitas\u00a0vezes\u00a0o que\u00a0emperra\u00a0o\u00a0trabalho\u00a0do\u00a0jornalista\u201d,\u00a0comentou\u00a0Cordova.\u00a0\u201cTemos\u00a0muitos\u00a0dados\u00a0dispon\u00edveis,\u00a0s\u00f3\u00a0precisamos\u00a0juntar\u00a0tudo\u201d.<\/p>\n A\u00a0ideia\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0que\u00a0essa\u00a0base de dados\u00a0seja\u00a0uma\u00a0ferramenta\u00a0\u00fatil\u00a0para\u00a0outros\u00a0jornalistas\u00a0encontrarem\u00a0pautas\u00a0e\u00a0estabelecerem\u00a0rela\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0entre\u00a0candidatos\u00a0ou\u00a0representantes\u00a0j\u00e1\u00a0eleitos.\u00a0\u201cSeria\u00a0trabalho\u00a0dos\u00a0jornalistas\u00a0navegar\u00a0pela\u00a0base de dados e\u00a0descobrir\u00a0rela\u00e7\u00f5es.\u00a0\u00c9\u00a0muito\u00a0parecido\u00a0com a\u00a0ideia\u00a0do\u00a0Panama Papers<\/a>\u201d,\u00a0explicou\u00a0ao\u00a0Centro Knight<\/strong>\u00a0o\u00a0cientista\u00a0de dados\u00a0Irio\u00a0Musskopf,\u00a0criador\u00a0da\u00a0Opera\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0Serenata de Amor.<\/p>\n Desafios em portugu\u00eas<\/strong><\/p>\n Talvez\u00a0o\u00a0maior\u00a0desafio\u00a0para\u00a0o\u00a0desenvolvimento\u00a0do\u00a0rob\u00f4-jornalista\u00a0seja\u00a0a\u00a0falta\u00a0de\u00a0tecnologia\u00a0dispon\u00edvel\u00a0em\u00a0portugu\u00eas. Grande\u00a0parte\u00a0do\u00a0conhecimento\u00a0nesse\u00a0campo\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0em\u00a0ingl\u00eas\u00a0\u2013os bots que\u00a0escrevem\u00a0artigos\u00a0j\u00e1\u00a0s\u00e3o bem utilizados por ve\u00edculos como o The Washington Post, que utiliza uma ferramenta chamada Heliograf<\/a>.<\/p>\n Transpor\u00a0essa\u00a0dificuldade\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0o\u00a0trabalho\u00a0da\u00a0cientista\u00a0de dados Ana\u00a0Schwendler,\u00a0especialista\u00a0em\u00a0processamento\u00a0de\u00a0linguagem\u00a0natural.\u00a0Ela\u00a0tamb\u00e9m\u00a0trabalha\u00a0em\u00a0outro\u00a0projeto\u00a0pioneiro\u00a0no Brasil, a\u00a0rob\u00f4 conversacional de checagem de fatos F\u00e1tima,<\/a>\u00a0desenvolvida\u00a0pelo\u00a0site\u00a0Aos Fatos<\/a>\u00a0em\u00a0parceria\u00a0com o Facebook.<\/p>\n \u201cO\u00a0processamento\u00a0de\u00a0linguagem\u00a0natural\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0uma\u00a0forma de\u00a0fazer\u00a0m\u00e1quinas\u00a0entenderem\u00a0o que\u00a0humanos\u00a0escrevem\u201d,\u00a0explicou\u00a0Schwendler\u00a0ao\u00a0Centro Knight<\/strong>.\u00a0\u201cPrecisamos\u00a0coletar\u00a0mais\u00a0informa\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0de\u00a0avalia\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0como\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0a\u00a0estrutura\u00a0[textual] em\u00a0portugu\u00eas\u00a0e\u00a0como\u00a0fazer\u00a0uma\u00a0produ\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0textual de\u00a0qualidade\u00a0dentro\u00a0das\u00a0regras\u00a0de\u00a0portugu\u00eas,\u00a0algo\u00a0que\u00a0n\u00e3o\u00a0existe\u00a0ainda\u201d.<\/p>\n A\u00a0expectativa\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0que o\u00a0rob\u00f4\u00a0v\u00e1\u00a0aprendendo\u00a0a\u00a0fazer\u00a0textos\u00a0cada\u00a0vez\u00a0melhores\u00a0com o tempo,\u00a0por\u00a0meio\u00a0da\u00a0aplica\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0de\u00a0estrat\u00e9gias\u00a0de\u00a0aprendizagem\u00a0de\u00a0m\u00e1quina\u00a0(machine learning<\/em>) e,\u00a0mais\u00a0especificamente,\u00a0aprendizagem\u00a0profunda\u00a0(deep learning<\/em>).\u00a0Schwendler\u00a0explica\u00a0que, em deep learning,\u00a0redes\u00a0neurais\u00a0artificiais\u00a0inspiradas pela estrutura do c\u00e9rebro humano<\/a>\u00a0usam\u00a0algoritmos\u00a0para\u00a0adquirir\u00a0conhecimento\u00a0atrav\u00e9s\u00a0da\u00a0experi\u00eancia. O\u00a0rob\u00f4\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0treinado\u00a0a partir de\u00a0textos\u00a0j\u00e1\u00a0consolidados\u00a0feitos\u00a0por\u00a0humanos.<\/p>\n \u201cTemos\u00a0exemplos\u00a0de\u00a0textos\u00a0que\u00a0queremos\u00a0e a\u00a0partir\u00a0disso\u00a0ele\u00a0vai\u00a0aprender\u201d,\u00a0ensina\u00a0Schwendler. \u201cCom o\u00a0passar\u00a0do tempo,\u00a0melhor\u00a0ele\u00a0vai\u00a0ficando,\u00a0ele\u00a0vai\u00a0aprendendo\u00a0o que\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0bom\u00a0e\u00a0pode\u00a0aprender\u00a0a\u00a0partir\u00a0da\u00a0resposta\u00a0dos\u00a0usu\u00e1rios. ...\u00a0Queremos\u00a0sempre\u00a0o feedback de\u00a0pessoas\u00a0de fora\u201d.<\/p>\n Institucionaliza\u00e7\u00e3o e outros projetos<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u00a0Opera\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0Serenata de Amor\u00a0come\u00e7ou\u00a0em 2016,\u00a0apoiada\u00a0por\u00a0uma campanha de financiamento coletivo<\/a>. O\u00a0nome,\u00a0tirado\u00a0de\u00a0uma\u00a0marca\u00a0de\u00a0bombom,\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0inspirado\u00a0pelo\u00a0Caso\u00a0Toblerone, em que\u00a0uma\u00a0pol\u00edtica\u00a0sueca\u00a0teve\u00a0que desistir de disputar\u00a0o cargo de primeiro-ministro\u00a0por\u00a0ter\u00a0comprado\u00a0um chocolate com o\u00a0cart\u00e3o\u00a0corporativo. O\u00a0grupo\u00a0afirma\u00a0que\u00a0quer\u00a0\u201cencontrar<\/a>\u00a0corrup\u00e7\u00e3o em pequenos gastos, mas em volume grande\u201d<\/a>.\u00a0Al\u00e9m\u00a0disso, o\u00a0nome\u00a0do site\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0uma\u00a0brincadeira\u00a0com os\u00a0nomes\u00a0das\u00a0opera\u00e7\u00f5es\u00a0realizadas\u00a0pela\u00a0Pol\u00edcia\u00a0Federal\u00a0brasileira\u00a0contra a\u00a0corrup\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>\n No projeto, Rosie, uma intelig\u00eancia artificial com nome inspirado pela rob\u00f4 do desenho animado Os Jetsons, monitora os reembolsos pagos a deputados federais por meio da Cota para Exerc\u00edcio de Atividade Parlamentar, fundo que custeia alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o, hospedagem e outros gastos. J\u00e1 foram identificados mais de 9 mil reembolsos suspeitos<\/a>.<\/p>\n At\u00e9\u00a0ent\u00e3o, o\u00a0grupo\u00a0esteve\u00a0ligado\u00a0\u00e0\u00a0empresa\u00a0de dados\u00a0Data Science Brigade<\/a>, mas\u00a0neste\u00a0ano\u00a0a\u00a0Opera\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0Serenata de Amor\u00a0vai\u00a0se\u00a0tornar\u00a0uma\u00a0ONG\u00a0sob o\u00a0guarda-chuva\u00a0da\u00a0Open Knowledge Brasil<\/a>. \u201cPara\u00a0n\u00f3s,\u00a0vai\u00a0ser\u00a0muito\u00a0importante\u00a0ter\u00a0uma\u00a0institui\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0nos\u00a0apoiando\u00a0a ter novas\u00a0parcerias\u201d,\u00a0comentou\u00a0Yaso\u00a0Cordova.<\/p>\n Neste ano de elei\u00e7\u00f5es, a equipe da Serenata trabalha em tr\u00eas projetos novos, contando com o Medidor de Poder e o rob\u00f4. Um deles \u00e9 o desenvolvimento de uma nova interface para facilitar a verifica\u00e7\u00e3o os reembolsos suspeitos levantados por Rosie. \u201cDessa forma, cumprir\u00edamos nossa promessa de facilitar a participa\u00e7\u00e3o cidad\u00e3 nos gastos p\u00fablicos\u201d, afirmou Irio Musskopf.<\/p>\n