{"id":78310,"date":"2023-08-01T15:09:15","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T20:09:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/latamjournalismreview.org\/?p=78310"},"modified":"2023-08-02T15:15:19","modified_gmt":"2023-08-02T20:15:19","slug":"radios-fecham-as-dezenas-na-venezuela-e-desertos-de-noticias-crescem-no-pais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/latamjournalismreview.org\/pt-br\/articles\/radios-fecham-as-dezenas-na-venezuela-e-desertos-de-noticias-crescem-no-pais\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e1dios fecham \u00e0s dezenas na Venezuela, e desertos de not\u00edcias crescem no pa\u00eds"},"content":{"rendered":"

O fechamento de esta\u00e7\u00f5es de r\u00e1dio na Venezuela n\u00e3o para. Nas \u00faltimas semanas, a Radio Caracas Radio (RCR), a esta\u00e7\u00e3o de r\u00e1dio mais antiga da Venezuela, encerrou as suas opera\u00e7\u00f5es em plataformas digitais, e a esta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00c9xtasis 97.7 FM em T\u00e1chira, com 29 anos no ar, encerrou as transmiss\u00f5es ap\u00f3s o governo ordenar que fechasse.<\/span><\/p>\n

No ano de 2022, foi registrado o maior n\u00famero de fechamentos de r\u00e1dios na Venezuela,<\/span><\/a> com pelo menos 95 esta\u00e7\u00f5es retiradas do ar. Em 2023, os cortes n\u00e3o cessaram. Nos primeiros cinco meses de 2023, o Instituto Prensa y Sociedad de Venezuela (IPYS) j\u00e1 havia registrado o fechamento de cinco emissoras nos estados de Portuguesa (2), T\u00e1chira (1), Anzo\u00e1tegui (1) e Bol\u00edvar (1). Agora, mais duas r\u00e1dios se somam \u00e0 lista.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"N\u00f3s estamos vendo uma nova escalada. Provavelmente tem a ver com o fato de que, na aus\u00eancia de canais de televis\u00e3o nacionais ou regionais que ofere\u00e7am cr\u00edticas severas ao regime, as pessoas se refugiaram nos pequenos espa\u00e7os das r\u00e1dios regionais para buscar informa\u00e7\u00f5es e opini\u00f5es sobre os problemas cotidianos, como luz, \u00e1gua, criminalidade, tr\u00e2nsito ou transporte\", disse Nehomar Hern\u00e1ndez, jornalista e ex-locutor da RCR, \u00e0 <\/span>LatAm Journalism Review (LJR)<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"As r\u00e1dios, especialmente as r\u00e1dios locais e dos povoados, eram como o \u00faltimo basti\u00e3o para ter algum tipo de conex\u00e3o com a realidade. Por isso esse regime, cuja natureza \u00e9 totalmente totalit\u00e1ria, busca fech\u00e1-las. Estamos praticamente em um deserto de not\u00edcias\", acrescentou Hern\u00e1ndez.<\/span><\/p>\n

Os fechamentos coincidem com um processo pr\u00e9-eleitoral que a Venezuela est\u00e1 atravessando. As elei\u00e7\u00f5es presidenciais do pa\u00eds para o per\u00edodo de 2025-2031 acontecer\u00e3o em 2024. Al\u00e9m disso, a oposi\u00e7\u00e3o venezuelana est\u00e1 em campanha para as elei\u00e7\u00f5es prim\u00e1rias que ocorrer\u00e3o em 22 de outubro de 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yamile Jim\u00e9nez, jornalista e locutora da \u00c9xtasis 97.7 FM em T\u00e1chira, comentou que, dias antes do fechamento da esta\u00e7\u00e3o, havia entrevistado duas l\u00edderes pol\u00edticas da oposi\u00e7\u00e3o venezuelana: Karim Vera, coordenadora do partido de oposi\u00e7\u00e3o Primeiro Justi\u00e7a no estado de T\u00e1chira, e Delsa Sol\u00f3rzano, candidata \u00e0s prim\u00e1rias da oposi\u00e7\u00e3o. Ambas usaram termos como \"ditadura\" ou \"regime\" durante a entrevista.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Radio

Yamile Jim\u00e9nez, jornalista e locutora da \u00c9xtasis 97.7 FM em T\u00e1chira<\/span>, trabalhou por mais de 25 anos na esta\u00e7\u00e3o de r\u00e1dio (Foto: cortesia).<\/p><\/div>\n

\"Presumimos que essas entrevistas possam ter alguma rela\u00e7\u00e3o com a decis\u00e3o de fechamento. No entanto, esse n\u00e3o foi o argumento utilizado pelo \u00f3rg\u00e3o regulador. A raz\u00e3o do fechamento foi o vencimento da concess\u00e3o\", disse Jim\u00e9nez.<\/span><\/p>\n

O IPYS Venezuela e outras organiza\u00e7\u00f5es de defesa dos direitos humanos t\u00eam exigido que o \u00f3rg\u00e3o regulador cesse a persegui\u00e7\u00e3o contra as esta\u00e7\u00f5es de r\u00e1dio e, no lugar disso, promova a cria\u00e7\u00e3o de novos meios de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o e espa\u00e7os para a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de informa\u00e7\u00f5es plurais.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Concess\u00f5es como carta<\/span> na manga<\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

O \u00f3rg\u00e3o venezuelano respons\u00e1vel pela regula\u00e7\u00e3o, supervis\u00e3o e controle das telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 a Comiss\u00e3o Nacional de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es da Venezuela (Conatel).<\/span><\/p>\n

Este organismo \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel por conceder as licen\u00e7as, ou habilita\u00e7\u00f5es administrativas, para o uso e explora\u00e7\u00e3o do espectro radiof\u00f4nico venezuelano, que \u00e9 considerado um bem p\u00fablico.<\/span><\/p>\n

J\u00e1 em 2019, a Conatel havia retirado a RCR do ar alegando que sua concess\u00e3o para fazer transmiss\u00f5es por r\u00e1dio havia expirado. A RCR n\u00e3o desistiu e, seguindo seu slogan \"a r\u00e1dio que se v\u00ea\", continuou <\/span>transmitindo apenas pelo YouTube.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

No entanto, a migra\u00e7\u00e3o para a plataforma digital n\u00e3o funcionou. \"Uma esta\u00e7\u00e3o de r\u00e1dio que n\u00e3o est\u00e1 no dial, seja AM ou principalmente FM, tem muitas dificuldades para se manter. Ao migrar para o digital, perdemos uma grande parte da audi\u00eancia\", comentou Hern\u00e1ndez.<\/span><\/p>\n

Segundo o jornalista, isso tamb\u00e9m se deve ao fato de que a audi\u00eancia da RCR era em sua maioria de pessoas idosas. Portanto, s\u00e3o pessoas que n\u00e3o est\u00e3o t\u00e3o familiarizadas com o ecossistema da Internet.<\/span><\/p>\n

A RCR era um dos meios que continuava ativo como parte do Centro Corporativo 1BC, um grupo empresarial do qual tamb\u00e9m fazia parte a Radio Caracas Televisi\u00f3n, fechada pelo governo venezuelano em 2007.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jim\u00e9nez viveu o fechamento da conhecida emissora de televis\u00e3o, onde trabalhou como correspondente em T\u00e1chira. Cerca de 16 anos depois, enfrenta novamente a perda de seu emprego devido \u00e0 expira\u00e7\u00e3o de uma concess\u00e3o. Desta vez, na esta\u00e7\u00e3o \u00c9xtasis 97.7 FM, onde trabalhava h\u00e1 mais de 25 anos.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"a

\"Estamos praticamente em um deserto de not\u00edcias\", Nehomar Hern\u00e1ndez, jornalista e ex-locutor da RCR, \u00e0\u00a0LJR<\/span>. (Foto: cortesia).<\/p><\/div>\n

\"A forma de proceder da Conatel, nos \u00faltimos anos, \u00e9 n\u00e3o responder \u00e0s emissoras em rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 renova\u00e7\u00e3o da concess\u00e3o. Eles t\u00eam essa carta na manga para quando quiserem chegar e falar: 'voc\u00eas n\u00e3o t\u00eam concess\u00e3o, desliguem os equipamentos'. A outras emissoras em T\u00e1chira foi permitido apresentar os documentos de renova\u00e7\u00e3o, mas n\u00e3o a n\u00f3s\", disse Jim\u00e9nez.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Asfixia econ\u00f4mica<\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

O neg\u00f3cio das r\u00e1dios \u00e9 sustentado pela publicidade e pela capta\u00e7\u00e3o de anunciantes. Quando a RCR perdeu a sua concess\u00e3o para uso do espectro radiof\u00f4nico venezuelano, come\u00e7ou a transmitir exclusivamente atrav\u00e9s de plataformas digitais, mas ao mesmo tempo viu seus ganhos com publicidade diminu\u00edrem.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"Dar o passo para o digital custou muito e, basicamente, a emissora esteve quatro anos operando com preju\u00edzo, se \u00e9 que j\u00e1 n\u00e3o estava com preju\u00edzo h\u00e1 mais tempo antes disso. Isso deflagrou o fim definitivo da emissora, porque n\u00e3o havia como sustent\u00e1-la\", disse Hern\u00e1ndez.<\/span><\/p>\n

Segundo anunciou Jos\u00e9 Luis Rinc\u00f3n, propriet\u00e1rio e diretor da \u00c9xtasis 97.7 FM em T\u00e1chira, o plano \u00e9 que a emissora continue transmitindo pela Internet. No entanto, \u00e9 uma aposta arriscada.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u00c9 muito dif\u00edcil que esse tipo de iniciativa funcione na Venezuela, e especialmente no estado de T\u00e1chira, devido aos cortes de luz prolongados e agressivos que enfrentamos. Al\u00e9m disso, temos uma qualidade muito ruim de internet\", relatou Jim\u00e9nez. \"N\u00e3o sei o que farei agora. Estou um pouco desorientada. A \u00c9xtasis 97.7 \u00e9 minha casa, \u00e9 minha r\u00e1dio e tem sido meu sustento econ\u00f4mico todos esses anos. Apesar de tudo, vou apoi\u00e1-los at\u00e9 o fim\".<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

O fechamento de esta\u00e7\u00f5es de r\u00e1dio na Venezuela continua a aumentar. A Radio Caracas Radio (RCR) fechou permanentemente ap\u00f3s tentar transmitir s\u00f3 no YouTube e n\u00e3o ter sucesso. E a \u00c9xtasis 97.7 FM, em T\u00e1chira, foi obrigada a desligar os seus equipamentos ap\u00f3s ter sua concess\u00e3o para o uso do espectro radiof\u00f4nico revogada pelo governo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":36,"featured_media":78301,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1226,1667],"tags":[1586],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-78310","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-access-to-information","category-mercado-de-trabalho","tag-veiculos-fechados-pt-br"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nR\u00e1dios fecham \u00e0s dezenas na Venezuela, e desertos de not\u00edcias crescem no pa\u00eds - LatAm Journalism Review by the Knight Center<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"R\u00e1dios fecham \u00e0s dezenas na Venezuela, e desertos de not\u00edcias crescem no pa\u00eds Mercado de Trabalho. 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